Method of telegraphic transmission.



C. KINSLEY.

METHOD OF TELEGRAPHIC TRANSMISSION.

APPLICATION FILED .IUNE 24.1914.

Patented Aug. 17, 1915.

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METHOD OF TELEGRAPHIC TRANSMISSION.

APPLlCATlON FILED JUNE 24,1914.

Patented Aug. 17, 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

C. KINSLEY. METHOD OF TELEGRAPHIC TRANSMISSION.

APPLLCATION FILED JUNE 24,1914.

1, 1 50,272. Patented Aug. 17, 1915.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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C. KINSLEY.

METHOD OF TELEGRAPHIC TRANSMISSION.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24.1914.

Patented Aug. 17, 1915.

4 SHEETSQSHEET 4.

Anna" op nion.

CARL KINSLEY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

' METHOD or TnLEo'nArHIo rnansmissrolv.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 17, 1915.

Original application filed November 26, 1907, SerialNo; 403,885. Dividedand this application filed June 24,

1914. Serial No. s47,o51.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, C RL KINSLE a citizen ofthe United States, residing at Chicago, county of Cook, State'ofIllinois, have invented certain new and useful Improve-- ments inMethods of Telegraphic Transmission, of which the following is aspecification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing.I

My invention relates to the art of telegraphy, and has for its objectthe improvement of methods of receiving and recording telegraphicsignals transmitted at high speed.

In a prior application, Serial No. 169,228, filed August 12, 1903, Idescribed a method of operation depending upon the actio'nof printingmagnets whose armatures were equipped with character faced type elec--trodes. The line impulses in that case were caused to directly affectthe printing agencies, and the possible speed of receiving was renderedvery high, by establishing a certain relation between the periodicity ofthe printing elements and the frequency and duration of the lineimpulses. In order to render the time constant of each printing agencyor magnet small enough to be negligible, the. actual printing elementswere normally held inactive or disabled, under-stress, in such manner asto store up energy, the holding force being electromagnetic, and therelease for printing being due to a' partial or complete neutralizationof the magnetism thereof, due to the line impulses received.

In another prior application, Serial N 0.

- 403,885, filed November 26, 1907, I have described a systemin whichinstead of the line impulses directly effecting the printing elements, Iprovide relays with attenuated armatures normally held under stress byelectromagnetic .force, so thatin obedience to the line impulses thearmatures may be released in the same manner: as in the precedingapplication referred to; and having thus deprived the electromagneticresponsive elements of any direct printing feature, I

provide character faced printing electrodes fixedwith respect toa'record surface and platen, together. with local circuits for the same,one of which is controlled by each of the line relays, or responsiveagencies. By fixing the printing electrodes in this manner, and printingby means 'of the passage of electric current or an electric spark, Ireprior application 403,885, and in it I shall describe the same system,but shall claim only the method of operation which may conveniently bepractised with the apparatus embodied in thatsystem.

It will be clearly understood, that this method may be practised withother systems of circuits and. that the system herein described andillustrated is presented merely for the purpose of specific definition,and not by any means for purposes of limitation.

I believe I am the first to produce a method of'operation by which therelays instead of beingdirect acting are indirect, that is to say theenergy for their operation is supplied locally and stored up untilneeded, being released in obedience to'a ,slight current change in theline, and thereupon acting independently of the continuance of the linecurrent to control the action of printing agencies whose response ispractically instantaneous.

I shall therefore claim :this method both broadly and specificallyherein, and wish it 1 to be understood that I contemplate all suchnon-essential changes as do not depart fromsociated printing membersandthe printing tape, as shown in plan in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is aplan viewof the preferred form and.

mounting for the printing electrodes. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectiontaken on line az-w their time constant,

present application is a division of the said bet used withther-circuitsqaiid apparatus of of Fig. Fig. 6 isa theoretical diagramshowing the relays arranged in parallel.

Fig. 7 is a similar diagram showing the re lays in series or as used inFig.; 1',, and showing in a simplified way "the tr angular connection ofthe coils. Fig. 8-.shows an alpha- Figs. 1 to 7 Fig. 9 is an alphabetcomposed of five elements. Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic view-of a completesystem used to form the alphabet shown in Fig. 9. 11 is a fragmentarypiece of the transmitting tape and detached therefrom is an illustrationof the arrangement of the printing elements. Fig.

12 is a diagrammatic view of a system using generators instead ,ofbatteries. F1g.- 13 1s an'illustration of a five-element alphabetproduced by the receiver of Fig. 12. Fig.

14 is a fragmentary view of the printing tape showing detached therefromthe arrangementof the printing elements for said alphabet, and also onearrangement of the printing elements to make a sloping letter. ig..15 isa viewsimilarto Fig. 3 showing a modified arrangement of the, platen forprinting by' spark.

Referring to Fig. 1, line Wires 1 and 2 are employed, leading from thetransmitting c station to the receiving station. In operation, Iautomatically record the messages in legible characters at the receivingstation through the'agency of a'number-of polarized printing relays,worked by positive and negative impulses sent'overthe line wires 1 and 2separately ofsimultaneously. The

mechanical arrangement'for controlling the transmission of impulses is{merely indicated in Fig. 1. A paper tape (ii-passes over a platen C andundera set of springs or contact brushes C (shown in Fig. 1). The

brushes G are permitted to make contact-at liminary to the transmittingoperation.-

The circuit connections of the transmitter 4 are as follows :"B%*, B",B, 'ZB are the main transmitting-batteries, arranged in pairs with-poles'i' eversedto line, and connected to the line"con ductors 1 and 2 asshown.

Thewires 3, 4:, 53 ,6, connect the 'other poles ofthe batteries. tofourT'of. the five collector rings over which the" tape C passes Thefifth collector ringis connected to the ground by the wire 18.

The relays at the receiving station control local circuits which includethe printing. electrodes W, p, p, p, 72 p, and the printing platen P.The mechanical features of these relays and the circuitsand partscontrolled thereby wlll be pointed out presently.

Their connections are shown in Fig, 1'. The windings of relays A and Aare mcluded in seiies in a bridge across the line Wires 1 and 2, thisbridge constituting one side of a triangle at the receiving station. Thewindings of the relays A and A are connected in series in a groundbranch from wire 1,

forming another side of the triangle; while larly connected in series ina ground branch the windings of relays A and A are s1m1- from the lineWire 2* forming the third side of the triangle; The ground connection ismarked 55. It will thus be seen that each side ofthe triangle containsone pair of series, the relays of each pair being oppositely polarizedfrom each other.

Each relay is provided with a movable contact m and a cooperating oranvil contact m. Each of the relays has its contacts m and m connectedin a localcircuit and normally held open by its magnet. All the localcircuits have a common return which includes a source of current B and acommon printing platen .P, over which the individual printing contactsrest upon the tape T. This tape is chemically sensitized with any oneofthe several solutionscom monly employed for that purpose, such aspotassium ferro-cyanide, which may be mixed with ammonium nitrate topreserve the moisture of the tape. I preferably make the tape rather-dryand boost the potential of the current in the local circuits.

.When the above mentioned solution-3s used the actual printing tipsshould ;bejof iron.-

However, Ijmay use aluminum, platinum, or other suitable material, andchange my sen-"" sltizing solutionaccordingly. The local cirtherelay-.11 is as follows'z fromthe battery B, through wire 56, wire 51,-anvil contact The local circuit of that electrode 10, which iscontrolledby the relay 'A, is 'as follows: battery B", Ywire;56, wire,57, ;anvilfcontact m ,'mov.able contact, m "wire .electrodefp, throughthe prmting.tape'--.T to the printing platen P, and tof-b tterygby'fwire53. The electrode {0 has its circuittracd' as follows: B", .56,-{18',;.cqntact s of, relay A, wire 49, p through the printingtape T,printing cuit of the electrode p, which is closed by platen P, and backto, the battery bywire 53. The circuits of electrodes- 1), 79*, p aresimilar to those given and need not be traced.

In Fig. 2, I have shown a simplified diagram'of a local circuit with oneform or type of relay. This relay comprises an electro or permanentmagnet M having pole pieces m and me, the latter reduced in diameter fora portion of its length to form a core for the coil {The contact-springm and the anvilstrip m are'fix'ed upon the and under tension. Thisspring is of such proportion as to have a high natural period,

but is attenuated as to mass, so as to respond to line impulses ofvarious frequencies. A conductor 19 is connected from the spring m tothe battery. Fr'omthe opposite side of the battery the common returnconductor 20 leads to the printing platen P. The

circuit is completed. to the electrode p by wire 21* connected to theanvil contact m. All of the. contacts are mounted in a stationaryinsulating block P held in any suitable manner upon or over the printingtape T so that all.of the printing electrodes p 7)", etc. are fixed. I

In Fig. 3 I show the block resting directly -on the tape, but whenprinting by spark it is of course raised by means of posts or screws,preferably supported on the platen P, as shown in Fig. 15. The coilm isconnected to line and when a current of suitable direction passesthrough it the magnet M is weakened or neutralized to release thecontact spring m which then snaps down into engagement with the anvilcontact m, and the. circuit including the conductor 19, batteryBficonductor 20*, printing platen P and electrode p 'is thus closedthrough the, tape. The potential diflerence due to battery B issuflicient to cause current to pass through the tape to the platen 72and thus effect a chemical decomposition in the tape to print. Theimpulses which affect the magnet M are of course only momentary andwhile they are -sufficient to weaken the magnetism in the relay magnetand allow the movable contact m to snap into engagement with the anvilcontact m, they are not sufficiently long to prevent the immediatereattraction of the movable contact. The six electrodes and six relaysare sufiicient to print the entire alphabet, so that by sending properlycoordinated impulsesof selected polarity any letter or numeral maybeproduced on' the tape. For instance, if relay A is energized followedimmediately by relays A -and A and then by relays A and A, the letter Ewould be produced; or ifrelay A is energized followed shortly by relaysA and A and then after the proper interval by relay A, the letter Awould be produced.

In Figs. 4; and 5 I have illustrated a preferred method of mounting theseveral elec-v trodes. As represented here, the contacts are formed asintegral parts of springs secured to the top of the mounting block P andhave their printing tips or surfaces ex- Fig. 10 in which tending belowthe bottom of the mounting block so that when the structure is pressedinto engagement with the tape the electrodes are moved upward againstthe tension of the springs. In this way, any wearing away of the metalof the electrodes due either to friction or corrosion or variations inthickness of the paper, willbe compensated for and a permanent andpositive contact between them and the paper will be assured at alltimes. I have numbered these springs p so-as to properly distinguishthem and have shown each one provided with a contact tip p for solderconnection with its respective local' circuit wire.

In Figs. 6 and 7 I have illustrated the theoretical arrangement of thecircuits, the latter figure being a schematic diagram of the seriesarrangement shown in Fig. 1, and

In Figs. l-to 8 inclusive, I have illustrated a six-element system, butI desire it to be understood that I also use five'or less elements andstill produce a perfectly legible alphabet, as illustrated in Fig. 9.This figure shows the product of the receiver of I have shown a one-wiresystem having three current strengths, with the receiving relaysarranged in series in the line and with the operating pens or contactsof three of the relays reversed with respect to the other two. I haveindicated I the platen as a single line numbered 60. Brushes are securedto the battery leads 62,

63, 64, 65, and 66 and are adapted to rest upon the paper so as to dropor be forced through the openings in the tape as they register with theparticular brushes. It will be seen that if the brush connected to lead62 is thus touched to the platen 60 through an aperture in the tape animpulse from battery B will pass over the line and the relay set torespond to current from B will have its permanent pole neutralized so asto release its pen and allow it to snap down into contact with the anvilm there by closing the local circuit to the associated electrode restingon the chemically sensitized printing tape (not shown herein). If thebrush connected to lead 63 be touched to the platen through an aperturein the tape, batteries B and B will be connected in series and thuscurrent of a. different sults follow if the other brushes be touched tothe platen, but the batteries B and B strength will be transmitted.Similar rep have their poles reversed to line, to work the reversedrelays.

' In Fig. 12, a system is shown employing five relays at the receivingstation, permitting the use of five instead of six elements forprinting. In this figure I have shown two platens 67 and 68 connected tothe line wires 69 and 7 O which lead to the different relays. Thegenerators G and Gr have their terminals bridged by the resistances 'Rand R the former being divided into three parts and the latter into twoparts.

In this manner I am enabled to determine to a nicety the currentstrength supplied to the relays and the direction thereof. The

relays connected to line 7 0 are two in numher and are arranged inmultiple, and the relays connected with line 69 are three in numberarranged in series multiple.

The alphabet shown in Fig. 13 is made up of five straight-line elementsformed by the successive action of the relay contacts or armatures asthey are snapped into engagement with their fixed anvils so as to passcurrent to the chemically sensitized recording tape at the receiving endof the line.

Many changes may be made in the circuits and apparatus thus described,and in fact my present invention may be practised with other forms ofapparatus and circuits than those hereinbefore described. It is to 'beclearly understood that I have already stated that I contemplate allsuch changes in the use of different apparatus and circuits, and allmethods of operation which fall fairly within the scope of the appendedclaim.

' I believe that the method of printing with six, five, or lessstraight-line printing elephabet and all of the numerals in the mannerherein described, is novel, and I shall claim the same. Having thusdescribed my invention wha I claim and desire to secure by LettersPatent is:

The method of printing electrical signals transmitted at high speedwhich consists in the following steps: (1) applying a potential drivingforce to each one of a group of circuit controlling agencies, andmaintaining the same normally inoperativeby a balancing holding forcecontinuously sustained in opposition to said driving force; (2)transmitting in predetermined order a succession of single impulses ofindividually differing character, at a frequency of such an order thatthe individual time constant of each circuit controlling agency will besubstantially the same as or greater than the effective time element ofeach individual pulses according to its character to selectively aifectone of said circuit controlling line impulse; (3) causing each of saidimone complete cycle of operation; (,5) causing an instantaneous changein impressed E. M. F. and corresponding rise of current in a localcircuit; and (6) exposing to said instantaneous E. M.

F. and the current rise and fall produced thereby, a local printingagency having an electrical and mechanical time constant of a value notexceeding the time interval between the effective part of one operatingimpulse and the corresponding part of the fneizt succeeding impulse.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CARL KINSLEY.

Witnesses: M. V. MEHREN,

PETER MATHIAS.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

